1. Blockchain: Nearly all cryptocurrency projects make use of blockchain technology as a secure, distributed ledger and an immutable form of data storage.
2. Smart Contracts: Smart contracts are self-executing digital agreements written in code and stored on the blockchain. They allow for automation of payments and other transactions.
3. Cryptography: Cryptography is used to secure digital transactions and verify identities on the blockchain. It also prevents double spending and other malicious activities.
4. Mining: Mining is the process of verifying transactions and adding them to the blockchain. Miners are rewarded for their work with a cryptocurrency coin or token.
5. Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT): DLT is a type of database that is shared and synchronized across many different nodes or computers. It is used to keep track of digital assets and transactions on the blockchain.
6. Coin Creation Platforms: Coin creation platforms allow developers to easily create new coins or tokens on the blockchain. Examples include Ethereum, Stellar, EOS, and NEO.