Computer hardware is an essential component of any computer system, enabling it to run software applications and carry out computing tasks. The hardware components of a computer are generally divided into four main categories: input devices, output devices, storage devices, and network connections.
Input Devices: Input devices consist of any device used to enter data into the computer. Examples of input devices include the keyboard, mouse, trackball, joystick, touchpad, scanner, microphone, and digital camera. A typical computer system will also include a graphics tablet, webcam, and game controllers.
Output Devices: Output devices are used to produce information from a computer. Examples of common output devices include monitors, printers, projectors, speakers, and headphones.
Storage Devices: Storage devices are used to store data so that it can be retrieved by the computer system at any time. Examples of storage devices include hard drives, solid-state drives (SSDs), optical discs, flash memory devices, and RAM.
Network Connections: Network connections enable computers to communicate with other computers, printers, and other devices over a network. Examples of network connections include wired and wireless Ethernet, Wi-Fi, optical fiber cables, USB, and Bluetooth.
These four categories of computer hardware are the primary components needed for a computer system to function. Depending on the type of computer system being assembled, additional hardware components may also be necessary. For example, servers require more powerful hardware components than desktop computers and laptops in order to support their increased computing needs.
In addition to the above hardware components, each computer system will also require a power supply, fans, and appropriate cables for connecting the components. An anti-static wrist band is also necessary for safely assembling and operating the computer system. Finally, if the computer system is intended to be used with peripherals such as a printer or external storage device, additional cables and connection ports will be necessary.