What is mining and how is it used in cryptocurrency transactions?

Mining is the process of verifying and adding blocks of transaction data to a blockchain. It is used in cryptocurrency transactions to add new transactions to the blockchain, which then serves as a public ledger of past cryptocurrency transactions. The miners use specialized computers to solve complex mathematical equations which enable them to generate coins (such as Bitcoin) and earn rewards in the form of newly created cryptocurrency. They are also rewarded for helping secure the network and confirming legitimate transactions.